And I believe everyone has a duty to be in both the civil-rights and peace movements.

[379] The FBI–King suicide letter sent to King just before he received the Nobel Peace Prize read, in part: The American public, the church organizations that have been helping—Protestants, Catholics and Jews will know you for what you are—an evil beast. I don't plan to run for any political office. And I've seen the promised land. [66] At Crozer, King was elected president of the student body. "[218], On March 29, 1968, King went to Memphis, Tennessee, in support of the black sanitary public works employees, who were represented by AFSCME Local 1733. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.' "[200], King stated in "Beyond Vietnam" that "true compassion is more than flinging a coin to a beggar ... it comes to see that an edifice which produces beggars needs restructuring. "[211] His vision was for change that was more revolutionary than mere reform: he cited systematic flaws of "racism, poverty, militarism and materialism", and argued that "reconstruction of society itself is the real issue to be faced.

In a radio address made during his final evening in India, King reflected, "Since being in India, I am more convinced than ever before that the method of nonviolent resistance is the most potent weapon available to oppressed people in their struggle for justice and human dignity. King was born Michael King Jr. on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia, the second of three children to the Reverend Michael King Sr. and Alberta King (née Williams). In the speech's most famous passage – in which he departed from his prepared text, possibly at the prompting of Mahalia Jackson, who shouted behind him, "Tell them about the dream! Ellis, Joseph J., "Founding Brothers, the Revolutionary Generation", first Vintage Books edition, 2002, p. 92. [97], The FBI was under written directive from Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy when it began tapping King's telephone line in the fall of 1963.

[349] King told Nichols, "You are our image of where we're going, you're 300 years from now, and that means that's where we are and it takes place now. Sermons and speeches of Martin Luther King Jr. Post–civil rights era in African-American history, "AfricanAncestry.com Reveals Roots of MLK and Marcus Garvey", "The story of how Michael King Jr. became Martin Luther King Jr", "Why Martin Luther King Jr.'s father changed their names", "King enters seventh grade at Atlanta University Laboratory School", "An Autobiography of Religious Development", "Benjamin Mays found a voice for civil rights", "A comparison of the conceptions of God in the thinking of Paul Tillich and Henry Nelson Wieman", "Boston U. In some cases, bystanders attacked the police, who responded with force. [334], As the leader of the SCLC, King maintained a policy of not publicly endorsing a U.S. political party or candidate: "I feel someone must remain in the position of non-alignment, so that he can look objectively at both parties and be the conscience of both—not the servant or master of either. We must recognize that we can’t solve our problem now until there is a radical redistribution of economic and political power... this means a revolution of values and other things. states. [17] That fall, King's father took over the role of pastor at the church, where he would in time raise the attendance from six hundred to several thousand. [245][246] Ray later claimed a man he met in Montreal, Quebec, with the alias "Raoul" was involved and that the assassination was the result of a conspiracy. William F. Pepper represented the King family in the trial. [208] Later that year, Dr. King nominated Nhất Hạnh for the 1967 Nobel Peace Prize. [374] In his original wording, Abernathy had stated that he saw King coming out of his room with a woman when he awoke the next morning and later said that "he may have been in there discussing and debating and trying to get her to go along with the movement, I don't know.

"[359] It alleged that he was "knowingly, willingly and regularly cooperating with and taking guidance from communists.

Martin was an early advocate of American independence from Great Britain. [29][30] King had to attend a school for black children, Younge Street Elementary School,[29][31] while his close playmate went to a separate school for white children only. [87], In 1957, King, Ralph Abernathy, Fred Shuttlesworth, Joseph Lowery, and other civil rights activists founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).

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